Platelet-rich plasma in regenerative medicine

Summary: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains at least seven growth factors, including epidermis, platelets, transformation, endothelium, fibroblasts, insulin-like and keratinocyte growth factors. The therapeutic effect of PRP is based on the high concentration of these growth factors. Compared with normal plasma. In recent years, PRP has been widely used in many fields of medicine, especially in regenerative medicine. The purpose of this review article is to outline the application of PRP in regenerative medicine. Keywords: growth factor. Platelets. Platelet-rich plasma. PRP.

Regenerative medicine. stem cell. Introduction. Platelets are fragments of megakaryocytes. They are considered to be blood cell types that play an important role in blood clotting and wound healing.In fact, platelets contain a variety of growth factors that can regulate cytokines and initiate wound healing. Today, human platelets contain as many as 300 specific proteins. Coppinger et al. 2004. The main function of platelets is to prevent blood loss and restore blood vessel walls after injury. This function is related to the effects of the produced proteins and cytokines. After activation, platelets are released to the damaged area. These proteins released by platelets have many important roles in many ways. The most common induction effects are described as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell migration and tissue regeneration. Anitua et al., 2004, Nurden, 2011. In particular, some results indicate that certain platelet peptides can be used as antibacterial peptides. Cieslik-Bielecka et al. , 2012 Drago et al., 2013 Kraemer et al., 2011.

Therefore, platelets, especially platelet lysates, have long been a topic of great interest to doctors and scientists in certain fields. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a platelet-derived product that has been pre-activated with or without platelets for a long time. PRP has been used since the 1970s and became popular in the 1990s. Marx, 2004. In recent years, PRP has been used to treat diseases, especially as a supplement to cell therapy. The purpose of this overview is to summarize all the uses of PRP in regenerative medicine and its role in stem cell therapy. Platelet healing process and functional healing mechanism Inflammation and blood coagulation are phenomena that trigger the healing process.After the cells are directly exposed to physical, mechanical or chemical trauma, they will face apoptosis or necrosis. As a result, immune cells invade the damaged area. Apoptotic and necrotic cells, as well as immune cells, produce growth factors and cytokines that increase the inflammatory process. These factors are increasingly attracting large numbers of monocytes and neutrophils to the damaged area.

Many inflammatory factors are released in the damaged area, including IFN-γ, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-TNF-α. The damaged area after inflammation also recorded some growth factors used in the healing process, such as transforming growth factor (TGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) 2- Form new tissue 10 days after injury. The formation of new tissue is the result of two cellular biological processes, namely cell proliferation. Fermentation and cell migration Eming et al. 2007. The actual stage of cell proliferation in damaged cells depends entirely on the function of macrophages and platelets.Angiogenesis produces new blood vessels, which are required to maintain blood flow and maintain high metabolic activity in newly deposited tissues. Local stimulating factors such as VEGF and.

Application of PRP in Regenerative Medicine In the 1980s, the definition of regenerative medicine assumed that patient care was a matter of using the patient's own resources, and platelets are now seen as a tool that provides a balanced set of therapeutic factors. Since the 1980s, clinical applications of using PRP to treat and repair damaged tissues and blood vessels in skin ulcers have emerged. Margolis et al. 2001. Later, in the 1990s, platelets were used in maxillofacial surgery in the form of fibrin tails.

From Anitua, 1999 Whitman et al., 1997 in Facial Rejuvenation and Plastic Surgery, Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Tissue Engineering and research, cardiovascular surgery, orthopedics and sports medicine, gastroenterology and urology. In recent years, PRP has been considered for stem cell technology. It is used for in vitro operations and in vivo transplantation.In vitro PRP is usually supplemented by several different subjects in the culture medium. Initially, PRP was used as a substitute for fetal bovine serum in the culture medium.

PRP has been successfully added to the growth medium of different cell types. Fan et al. A. The results show that umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCBMSC) can be grown mainly in complete medium containing 10% aPRP. High-dose Pham et al., 2014 human PRP in athymic nude mice can be considered as an alternative source of FCS serum for culturing MSC Goedecke et al., 2011. In addition, PRP successfully promoted the proliferation of stem cells. ......Alabama., 2012a Lee et al., 2011b. Second, PRP is used as a stimulator of stem cell proliferation. We show that mixed human AB serum and thrombin-rich platelet-rich plasma are FCS substitutes for AT-MSC. These human sources have better characteristics in terms of potential infection threats, while providing a higher proliferation rate and maintaining the ability to differentiate and express mesenchymal stem cell markers during long-term culture. Goedecke et al., 2011. Finally, PRP is a differentiation factor. Stem cells are directly distinguished from PRP, induce chondrogenic differentiation of progenitor cells in PGA-HA scaffolds, and may be useful for scaffold-based cartilage repair methods using stem cells and progenitor cells. Kruger et al., 2013.

Combination of PRP and HA scaffolds to trigger Mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow cells may have a therapeutic effect on bone regeneration and improve the osseointegration of bone defects around dental implants. Yun et al.2013. Sincere candidates are a smaller smaller one who can release developing factors and BMSC and ADSC., 2012 Xie et al., 2012 Xie et al., 2012 Xie et al., 2012 Xie et al., 2012 Xie et al., 2012 Xie et al. , 2012. Mulice et al., 2012. (2010) showed that simultaneously monitor by PRP, and 1.25 (OH) (2) D (3) Murphoges Bone of the Merangsang of basic mesenquims. The sale of Feng et al., 2010 Lin et al et. Al. , 2008 Spero, 1993. PRP is also used in tissue engineering. The effect of PRP on tissue engineered cartilage in vitro can lead to the formation of artificial cartilage tissue with enhanced properties. It is suitable for cartilage repair. Petrera et al., 2013.

Safety introduction Since PRP is made from its own blood, there is theoretically disease transmission and immunogen The risk of sexual reactions or cancer is minimal...To date, PRP has been widely used to treat at least ten diseases in more than 100,000 patients, and Van Saegusa and her colleagues reported more than 800 in their study The patient's patience without side effects. These patients knee joint growth factor (PRGF) 6 months Wang-Saegusa et al., 2011 Kon et al., reported a follow-up study of 91 patients (115 knee joints) receiving PRP, the results showed that PRP treatment is safe , Can reduce pain and improve knee joint function, especially in children under 12 months. Kang et al., 2011. Some side effects have been reported, such as infection, nerve or blood vessel damage; however, these effects are rare and depend on the PRP preparation process. Received reports of scar tissue and calcification at the injection site. Sampson et al. 2008 after PRP injection.

Platelet-rich plasma in regenerative medicine

Platelet-rich plasma in regenerative medicine

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